Nasal Polyps

Definition

Nasal polyps are small, sac-like growths made up of inflamed tissue lining the nose (nasal mucosa).

Causes

Nasal polyps start near the ethmoid sinuses (located at the top of the inside of the nose) and grow into the open areas. Large polyps may block the airway.

Having any of the following conditions may make people more likely to get nasal polyps:

• Asthma
• Chronic sinus infections
• Cystic fibrosis
• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

About one in four people with cystic fibrosis have nasal polyps.

Symptoms

• Mouth breathing
• Nasal obstruction
• Runny nose
• Sound congested

Exams and Tests

Examining the nose shows a grayish grape-like mass in the nasal cavity.

Treatment

Treatment may include medication, such as steroids or antibiotics. Some people may need surgery, such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Outlook (Prognosis)

Removing the polyps with surgery usually allows people to breathe easier through the nose.

Possible Complications

• Bleeding
• Infection

Nasal polyps may come back.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you regularly have difficulty breathing through your nose.

Prevention

Although there is no real way to prevent nasal polyps, therapy aimed at the cause can help. Nasal sprays, antihistamines, and allergy shots may help prevent polyps that block the airway.

Also, aggressive medical treatment of sinus infections is helpful.